Many authoritarian systems are characterized by the absence of civil society This can be the specific result of those in power, who have taken steps to harass, absorb, monitor, or destroy any from of independent action outside of the state and those in power. Civil society may also have little precedent in society or be hindered by significant ethnic or other societal divisions that dissuade people from forming organizations across these institutional barriers. The result can be a society that is more familiar with viewing the state as a primary arena for social organization, or that thinks of association more in go hand in hand in what is known as populism. Populism is not a specific ideology and in fact draws much of its power from an anti-institutional approach. But generally, populism carries within it the view that elites and established institutions do not fully represent the will of the people and that a new movement, free from ideology and often led by a charismatic leader, can usher in a new order. Where civil society is weak, populism may _______________.